China’s national carbon emission trading market, which commenced trading on July 16, saw its
total trading volume reach nearly six million tons and total turnover approach 300 million yuan
($46.44 million) as of July 30.
The national carbon market officially started trading at 9:30 a.m. on July 16. After 10 minutes, the
cumulative volume of transactions exceeded 20 million yuan. During the four-hour carbon
emission trading on that day, a total of 4.1 million tons of transactions were completed, with the
carbon price closing at 51.23 yuan per ton on the very first day, up 6.73 percent from the opening
price of 48 yuan.
Since carbon emission trading was kicked off, the national market has witnessed active
transactions, steadily rising transaction price, and stable operation.
In the first industrial cycle of the national carbon market, more than 2,000 key carbon dioxide
emitters in the power generation industry are included in the first batch of trading, covering
approximately 4.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide emissions per year.
Before the national carbon market was launched, relevant pilot projects had been carried out in a
number of provinces around the country for 10 years, promoting green transformation of many
enterprises.
“Back then, our company bought about 250,000 tons of carbon dioxide emission quotas at around
60 yuan a ton,” said Zhou Shuiliang, deputy general manager of Guangzhou Hengyun Enterprises
Holdings Ltd., a key emitter of greenhouse gases based in Guangzhou, capital of south China’s
Guangdong province, referring to the first time when his company tried carbon emission trading in
2014.
Guangdong was one of the first batch of provinces in China that piloted carbon emission trading.
As a major power generation enterprise in Guangdong, Guangzhou Hengyun Enterprises Holdings
Ltd. was included in the province’s carbon emission management system in 2014, and bought
carbon emissions quotas worth about 15 million yuan that year as its actual amount of carbon
emissions surpassed its quota.
With the in-depth implementation of the pilot project, Guangzhou Hengyun Enterprises Holdings
Ltd. has realized that reducing carbon emissions does not just bring pressure, but also economic
benefits as a result of carbon asset management and the application of technologies related to
carbon emission reduction.
The company therefore established a work group for energy conservation and carbon reduction,
upgraded and retrofitted generator sets, and vigorously carried out low-carbon and clean energy
projects including natural gas power generation projects.
A sequence of transformations and upgrades have enabled the company to realize the change from
buying carbon emission quotas to profiting from selling carbon assets. Last year, the company
gained more than 30 million yuan from selling its carbon assets.
Like Guangzhou Hengyun Enterprises Holdings Ltd., many other enterprises that have made
efforts to control greenhouse gas emissions have benefited from carbon market.
“More and more companies have realized that only by taking the initiative to reduce carbon
emissions can they get a leg up in the wave of green and low-carbon transformation,” said Meng
Meng, general manager of China Emissions Exchange (Guangzhou), the largest local carbon
market in China.
Carbon market piloted in Guangdong has seen active transactions, and ranked first in the country
in terms of the cumulative volume of carbon emission quota transactions, which had exceeded
four billion yuan by June this year, according to Meng.
“More importantly, carbon markets have practically promoted and yielded good results in
reducing carbon emissions. By implementing mechanisms for controlling the total amount of
carbon emissions, assigning quotas for carbon emissions, and honoring agreements, Guangdong’s
carbon markets have realized an overall reduction in carbon emissions in absolute terms,” Meng
said.
In 2019, Guangdong reduced 11.4 percent of carbon emissions, or 43.74 million tons from a year
ago, according to Meng, who pointed out that practice in both foreign countries and domestic pilot
areas has proven that carbon market is a policy instrument that can realize the reduction of carbon
emissions with the lowest cost and highest efficiency.
The product in carbon markets is the trading of GHG emission permits. Companies that have been
included in carbon emissions cap and trade systems like Guangzhou Hengyun Enterprises
Holdings Ltd. are assigned quotas for carbon emissions. They need to buy carbon emission quotas
from carbon market when they emit more greenhouse gases than they are allowed to, and can sell
surplus emission allowances on the market when they successfully bring their actual amount of
carbon emissions below their quotas.
The weighted average price for carbon quotas over the past few years stood at about 40 yuan a
ton, according to the pilot carbon trading programs in seven cities.
Although pilot areas have carried out helpful exploration, due to limited market sizes, transaction
prices of carbon quotas that can truly reflect the social cost of carbon emissions have not been
formed, said Mei Dewen, general manager of China Beijing Environment Exchange.
Finding reasonable and effective prices for carbon quotas is an important goal and task in the
construction of the national carbon market, according to Mei.
“The carbon market can be more dynamic and carbon quotas more efficiently priced only when
diversified financial institutions and products are introduced into the market,” noted Mei, who
explained that diversified market players have different risk preferences, forecasts, and sources of
information, which helps form a relatively fair price and an effective market-based pricing
mechanism.
To facilitate the development of spot carbon market, China Securities Regulatory Commission
(CSRC) has actively provided guidance for Guangzhou Futures Exchange on speeding up the
construction of carbon futures market, said Gao Li, spokesperson with the CSRC.
The permits to emit carbon emissions already have some basic properties of futures, such as a high
degree of standardization, and long-term demand caused by the time difference between the
issuance and performance of carbon emission quotas, said an executive from Guangzhou Futures
Exchange.
Spot market is the foundation of the development of the futures market, the executive said, adding
that when the futures market related to carbon trading takes shape and grows to a certain size, it
will promote the development of the carbon market in various aspects.
