Photo taken on Sept. 1, 2021 shows fishing boats sailing from the Longwangtang Fishing Port in
Dalian, northeast China’s Liaoning province, to fisheries in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea.
(Photo by Chen Fengxiao/ People’s Daily Online)
After three years of ecological restoration efforts, China has brought back lucid water, green
banks, clean beaches, and beautiful bays to Bohai Sea, a semi-enclosed inland sea in the country.
Endowed with unique natural ecology and prominent geographic advantages, the Bohai Sea is of
great strategic importance.
However, the sea used to face a grim situation of environmental and ecological protection due to
serious land-based pollution.
In 2018, China launched a campaign to improve the water environment of the Bohai Sea region,
and the campaign is a complete success.
China implements a four-tier water quality classification system for seawater and a five-tier
classification system for surface water, with GradeⅠbeing the best. Data from China’s Ministry of
Ecology and Environment (MEE) indicate that the proportion of water of “fairly good quality”
(GradeⅠand GradeⅡ) in the Bohai Sea coastal waters had grown to 82.3 percent last year, 9.3
percentage points higher than the target of 73 percent set for the campaign and 15.3 percentage
points higher than the figure recorded in 2017.
Besides, all the key targets and tasks of the campaign, including investigation into sewage outfalls
into the sea, eliminating poor-quality surface water below Grade V in state-controlled cross
sections of rivers flowing into the sea, and ecological remediation and restoration of coastal
wetlands and shorelines, have been completed to a high standard.
The three-year battle to improve the water environment of the Bohai Sea region involved
unprecedented efforts to coordinate pollution prevention and control for land and sea and has
resulted in an unprecedented improvement in the quality of offshore waters, said Zhang Zhifeng,
vice director of the Department of Marine Ecology and Environment of the MEE.
As one of China’s seven landmark campaigns for pollution prevention and control and the
country’s first battle against marine pollution during its 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016-2020),
the campaign launched to improve the water environment of the Bohai Sea region bears great
significance and has far-reaching influence, Zhang added.
Over the past three years, the three provinces and one municipality adjacent to the Bohai Sea,
namely China’s Liaoning, Hebei, and Shandong provinces and Tianjin municipality, have
coordinated land and marine development, solved ecological problems troubling the sea and
relevant rivers, and addressed both symptoms and root causes of the problems.
By formulating and implementing targeted measures and plans to improve the water quality of
state-controlled rivers that flow into the sea, or rivers that flow into the Bohai Sea with cross
sections included in the country’s national surface water quality monitoring system, relevant
governments have strengthened comprehensive river basin management of state-controlled rivers
and other rivers that flow into the sea.
Tianjin municipality has advanced the comprehensive management of its 12 rivers that flow into
the Bohai Sea by making targeted efforts, leveraging engineering methods and carrying out
projects according to the respective characteristics of these rivers.
The proportion of water of “fairly good quality” in the Bohai Sea coastal waters in Tianjin had
risen from 16.6 percent in 2017 to 70.4 percent in 2020, when the water quality of the state-
controlled water sections of all the 49 rivers that flow into the sea was raised to above Grade Ⅴ,
according to data from the MEE.
The overhaul of sewage outfalls into the sea is an important move in promoting targeted, science-
based, and law-based pollution control for ecological and environmental restoration of the Bohai
Sea.
In January 2019, a pilot investigation into sewage outfalls into the sea led by the MEE kicked off
in Tangshan city of Hebei province. Three months later, the activity began to be comprehensively
carried out in the 13 cities of the Bohai Sea region, involving 3,600 km of shorelines.
Through a three-tier investigation mechanism featuring remote sensing by unmanned aerial
vehicles, on-site investigation by personnel, and quality control and verification by experts, the
three provinces and Tianjin municipality located near the Bohai Sea comprehensively traced the
sources of and investigated into sewage outfalls into the sea, discovering a total of more than
18,000 outfalls of such kind.
The overhaul has gradually taken effect, with the proportion of water of “fairly good quality” in
the Bohai Sea coastal waters in Tangshan standing at 100 percent in 2020 and the first half of
2021.
Laizhou, a county-level city of Shandong province located on the shore of Laizhou Bay, one of the
three major bays of the Bohai Sea, has effectively reversed the marine environmental pollution of
the Laizhou Bay and given it a beautiful new look by improving a marine sanitation mechanism,
under which it has designated personnel for cleaning waste on every beach and area of the bay.
In March, May, and August of 2021, the proportion of water of “fairly good quality” in the
Laizhou Bay offshore waters reached 71.6 percent, 51.4 percent, and 77.7 percent respectively,
39.6 percentage points, 21.4 percentage points and 11.8 percentage points higher than the average
of corresponding figures registered between 2018 and 2020.
The three provinces and Tianjin municipality adjacent to the Bohai Sea have all established
regular working mechanism for marine sanitation and made great efforts to enhance infrastructure
construction and advance timely removal and regular oversight of marine litter, according to
Zhang.
These provinces and the municipality have restored 8,891 hectares of coastal wetlands and 132-
km coastline, exceeding the target of 6,900 hectares of coastal wetlands and 70 km of coastline. In
addition, 37.5 percent of the offshore areas of the Bohai Sea have been included in their marine
ecological protection red-line zones.
