Chinese authorities issued a guideline on promoting the high-quality development of the iron
and steel industry, which specified that China’s iron and steel industry aims to basically form
a high-quality development pattern featuring reasonable layout and structure, stable supply of
resources, advanced technical equipment, high quality products and outstanding brands, high
level of intelligentization, strong global competitiveness, as well as green, low-carbon, and
sustainable development by 2025.
Last year, China’s iron and steel industry delivered impressive performance and maintained
sound growth momentum. Key large and medium-sized iron and steel enterprises reported a
cumulative revenue of 6.93 trillion yuan ($1.09 trillion), a year-on-year increase of 32.7
percent; their total profits reached 352.4 billion yuan, rising 59.7 percent compared with a
year before.
This is attributed to the robust market demand last year as well as the progress in the supply-
side structural reform of the industry in recent years, pointed out Luo Tiejun, vice president of
the China Iron and Steel Association.
According to Luo, China’s iron and steel industry witnessed significant results in eliminating
excess capacity, adjusting structure, and promoting upgrading during the country’s 13th Five-
Year Plan period (2016-2020).
During the period, the industry cut crude steel output by over 150 million tons, Luo said,
adding that the annual labor productivity of main links in the production of iron and steel
products increased from 527 tons per person to 850 tons per person.
China is now at the later stage of industrialization and the middle and later stage of
urbanization; domestic demands for steel products will remain at a high level during the next
few years driven by the country’s tasks for achieving industrialization and urbanization, said
Li Xinchuang, chief engineer at the China Metallurgical Industry Planning and Research
Institute.
Li believes that 5G, industrial Internet and other new-generation information technologies
provide favorable conditions for the transformation and upgrading of the iron and steel
industry.
Data suggest that the numerical control rate of key processes of China’s metallurgical industry
and the percentage of digital production equipment in the industry reached 65.4 percent and
47 percent, respectively, in 2020, signifying a high level of digitalization in the sector.
Intelligent transformation is a systematic project that covers all the links of the industry, from
purchasing, designing to production and sale, Luo noted, adding that smart manufacturing in
China’s iron and steel industry faces problems including uneven capacity, incomplete
standards, and insufficient supply of software and hardware.
The guideline, which was jointly released by the Ministry of Industry and Information
Technology (MIIT), the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the
Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), pointed out that China intends to lift the
numerical control rate of key processes of the metallurgical industry and the proportion of
digital production equipment in the industry to about 80 percent and 55 percent, respectively,
and build over 30 smart factories by 2025, which is expected to help the iron and steel
industry move into the fast lane of intelligent development.
In the future, the iron and steel industry should stick to intelligentization-oriented
technological innovation, focus on equipment operation and maintenance intelligentization,
improvement in production process transparency, overall supply chain collaboration and
environmental protection management, and integrate 5G, industrial Internet, artificial
intelligence (AI) and other new technologies into manufacturing and operation, in a bid to
cultivate new competitive strengths, Luo pointed out
During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, China’s dependence on imported iron ore exceeded 80
percent. High dependence on imports and rising prices of imported ore have eroded the profits
of the country’s iron and steel industry and downstream industries and threatened the safe and
stable operation of the industry, Luo said.
In response to risks facing the supply of iron ore, the guideline proposed establishing a system
for the reserves of iron ore output and mineral lands.
Noting that iron ore is an important strategic resource related to economy and people’s
livelihood, Li said that the establishment of such a system is expected to become an important
regulatory measure to stabilize iron ore market price and ensure the safety of the industrial
chain.
The guidelines also said the country will encourage the import of resource products and semi-
finished goods in the industry. China’s imports of resource and semi-manufactured products
have been at a high level in recent years, Luo noted, adding that making full use of
international and domestic scrap steel resources will help the country reduce dependence on
imported iron ore, cut energy consumption and carbon emissions and better guarantee
resource security.
China also needs to strengthen the utilization of international iron ore resources. According to
Luo, it is important to enhance investment and development of overseas mineral resources
and increase the proportion of overseas resource rights and interests to diversify the sources
of overseas resources and effectively improve the country’s capability to guarantee resources.
